How do Solar Panels really work?

At the heart of every solar panel lies a marvel of modern engineering known as the photovoltaic (PV) cell. These cells are typically made from silicon, a semiconductor material that possesses the re ability to convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photovoltaic effect.

Step 1: Absorption of Sunlight

When sunlight strikes the surface of a solar panel, it energizes the electrons within the silicon atoms, causing them to break free from their orbits and create an electric current. This process is facilitated by the presence of an electric field within the PV cell, which directs the flow of electrons in a controlled manner.

Step 2: Generation of Direct Current (DC) Electricity

As the excited electrons flow through the silicon material, they create a stream of electric current. This current is in the form of direct current (DC), which is characterized by a steady flow of electrons in a single direction.

Step 3: Collection and Harnessing of Electricity

The electric current generated by the PV cells is collected by metal contacts on the surface of the solar panel and routed through an electrical circuit. This circuit allows the electricity to be harnessed for use in powering electrical devices, appliances, and lighting systems.

Step 4: Conversion to Usable Alternating Current (AC)

However, most of our household appliances and electrical devices operate on alternating current (AC). To make the electricity generated by solar panels compatible with these devices, it must undergo a process called inversion. This is where the magic of the inverter comes into play.

Step 5: Integration with the Electrical Grid

Once the electricity has been converted into AC, it can be integrated into the electrical grid of a home, business, or community. Excess electricity generated by solar panels can be fed back into the grid, allowing consumers to offset their energy costs and contribute to a more resilient and decentralized energy infrastructure.

By transforming sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic process, these ingenious devices offer a clean, renewable, and sustainable alternative to traditional forms of energy generation.